The not bad thing about having telescopes that can look further and further into the yesteryear is being surprise by what we see there .

With the infraredJWST , we were hop to pick up more about the formation of galax , as well as vindicated up mysteries about how supermassive black holes became so large . But we have been thrown a few surprises as we face further back into the past .

One such mystery has been thrown up by the Galax urceolata JADES - GS - z13 - 1 , locate around33 billion light - yearsfrom us . This galax has a red shift of 13.0 , which is a measure of how much a galaxy ’s luminosity has been stretched by the expansion of the universe . Aredshiftof 13 means that the light from the galaxy has been traveling to us from about 330 million days after the Big Bang .

There are onetime galaxies that we have notice , but this one turns out to be particularly weird . What make it so unusual are its spectra , which showed a heavy ear in Lyman - alpha , or the hydrogen emission line . While stars are made of hydrogen – so this might not seem too weird – this is an emission phone line we were not expecting to see this early on in the universe .

“ The early universe was bathed in a thick murkiness of neutral H , " Roberto Maiolino , a team member from the University of Cambridge and University College London , explained in astatement . " Most of this haze was lifted in a process squall reionization , which was completed about one billion years after the big bang . GS - z13 - 1 is view when the existence was only 330 million years sure-enough , yet it shows a surprisingly vindicated , telltale signature of Lyman - alpha discharge that can only be seen once the surrounding murk has fully snarf . This result was totally unexpected by possibility of early galaxy formation and has caught stargazer by surprise . ”

Before reionization , when enough stars were formed to reionize atomic number 1 gas , cosmologist believed that there was a cosmic " dark years " when the universe was fill with a stocky " fog " of indifferent H , which bit by bit cleared as superstar and galaxies take shape . By red shift 6 , around12.716 billion yearsin our yesteryear , astronomers believe that this process would have been complete . But before then , ultraviolet light should be more and more unmanageable to see , as it would be obscured by more and more hydrogen discase of its negatron .

And yet , here is JADES - thousand - z13 - 1 , defying our best model of the existence .

“ We really should n’t have find a Galax urceolata like this , apply our understanding of the way the universe of discourse has evolve , " Kevin Hainline , a squad member from the University of Arizona , added . " We could think of the early universe as shrouded with a thick-skulled murk that would make it exceedingly difficult to find even potent beacon light peeking through , yet here we see the light beam of light from this galaxy pierce the embryonic membrane . This fascinating emission tune has immense leg for how and when the universe reionized . ”

" get word the line at REDSHIFT 13 is INSANE , everyone , " Hainline addedon Xwhen a preprint of the theme was first posted . " It ’s so shocking that when we see it in our JADES data it almost take the focal point away from our ratification of JADES - GS - z14 - 0 , because it was so unprecedented . How is this lighting finding its way to us through the unintelligible universe ? "

unluckily , we do not have an account of why this wandflower ’s hydrogen emission line would be seeable so early in the universe . Modified Newtonian Dynamics ( MOND ) predicts that reionizationwould take place earlierthan the standard model suggest , but it is a little early to suggest new purgative , with the squad read that an accrete supermassive black hole and associate ionization strobile may offer an alternate account for the broad Lyman - alpha lineage , among other possible action .

“ The large house of cards of ionized H ring this galaxy might have been create by a peculiar universe of ace — much more massive , hotter and more lambent than stars form at later epochs , and possibly representative of the first generation of stars , " Joris Witstok of the University of Cambridge added .

For now , we will have to wait for further observations of theearly universefor more clue to what is go on here .

The study is published inNature .