late inquiry has investigated the historic office religion has played in politics and how it can still be used to legitimize and justify political power in some high society .
It would not be surprising to know that faith has played a historical function in political economic system across the world . TheCode of Hammurabi , a Babylonian legal textbook dated to around 1750 BCE and one of the first drop a line effectual documents , begins with the gods identifying Hammurabi as their swayer and intercessor on earth . This is a prime deterrent example of what is call " divine legitimization " , whereby a ruler can appeal to potent gods to apologize their principle and edict . Today , some would sharpen toSharia lawas an overt example where religious philosophical system influences political sympathies , while others may highlight the role that official administration department of religion play in America , Russia , and Cambodia .
Despite the various examples of this phenomenon in history and contemporary society , there has been little taxonomical research on the beginning of institutionalization and why spiritual influence persist in some society . This was the challenge that Jeanet Sinding Bentzen , associate prof at the Department of Economics at the University of Copenhagen , and Gunes Gokmen , associate professor at the Department of Economics at Lund University , sought to address .
The researchers accumulate data on religions in 1,265 pre - modern company and compared this data to current data on religious laws in 176 countries , taken from the Association of Religion Data Archives ( ARDA ) .
" The wealthiness of information let us to liken societies that belong to the same linguistic process grouping , have the same level of complexity , subsistence method and storey of development – and are located on the same continent " , Bentzen explain in astatement .
significantly , even where companionship are similar in all these parametric quantity , inequality can still be much more significant in one order than another .
" It is exculpated from the information that societies with greater social inequality are more likely to idolize Supreme Being that are ascribe with a dominant character , ” Bentzen added . “ On average , moralizing gods are 30 per centum more likely to be present in society with with child class conflict compared to more equal societies . "
" moralisation and punishing gods are far more in force as a substance of power , while spirits that can not penalise or interfere with human actions are useless for that purpose . "
The researchers also found that societies historically characterise by beliefs in high gods are more likely to discriminate against or favour certain groups in society . This could involve law of nature that restrict char ’s right or outlaw homosexuality , but it could also involve law that prohibit profanation and stretch forth privilege to specific religious constitution .
In God, the dictator trusts
Another important insight provided by this inquiry tie in to autocratic states , systems of governance where one person or a small group of individuals have absolute power . harmonize to Bentzen and Gokman , autarchy show a decided inclination to institutionalize religion for insure and legitimize their business leader .
" The divine legitimacy of the concentration of top executive in a very small grouping of people may very well support the persistence of autocracy , because the small chemical group of rulers receives its mandate to exercise force from above and therefore does not have to ask the people , " supply Bentzen .
Crucially , the results show that the reliance on divine legitimacy can ultimately top to the continuity of autocracies , as this variety of institutionalization is often the antithesis of democracy , which let down the prospect of democratization . This in turning mean that autocracies will in all likelihood instal more institutions to supportreligionso that their power can be solidify .
This work represents a significant warning , the authors debate . In a world where religious belief and populism have been on the procession , it is important to understand the roots of such tendencies . organized religion is not necessarily a negative force in society – indeed , it can bestow positives , such as emphasis easing , personal promise , and a sense of community – but there is also the danger that it will be co - opted by malicious advocates who use it for political means , specially autocracy .
" There is a wealth of studies showing that religion can have a positive impact on citizenry ’s general well - being and societal - level factors . Our study show that this coin also has a flip side , " Bentzen explained . " Religion is many things . While for some it is a set of beliefs that provide comfort and personal strength , for lawmaker it can be a tool to gather undisputed might . "
The field was publish inThe Journal of Economic Growth .
