Beginning in 1979, former librarian Marion Stokes privately recorded broadcasts from multiple televisions at once, 24 hours a day, eventually accumulating a startling 71,000 tapes of television history.
Zeitgeist FilmsMarion Stokes took it upon herself to record and archive every moment of television .
Marion Stokes believed that the newsworthiness obtain all important historic details at risk of disappearing forever . So , start around 1979 , the former librarian and civil rights militant start obsessively recording television air 24 hours a day .
For more than three decennium , Stokes attempt to archive every programme that she had access to , eventually recording programs on as many as eight telly at once . In the final stage , she wind up up with more than 70,000 recorded tapes .
Zeitgeist FilmsMarion Stokes took it upon herself to record and archive every moment of television.
Stokes was equal parts compulsive hoarder and guerrilla archivist , and her unique project has raised important questions about media preservation . Although she died in 2012 , her project has been throw unexampled life thanks to the Internet Archive , which began the conscientious process of digitizing Stokes ’ tape in 2013 . This massive project is itself a years - tenacious task , which shows just how fertile Marion Stokes ’ work truly was .
Who Was Marion Stokes?
Marion Marguerite Stokes was born on Nov. 25 , 1929 , in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . Stokes grew up in the city ’s Germantown neighborhood and attended Girls High School . From the 1940s to the former 1960s , she work as a librarian at the Free Library of Philadelphia .
But it was Stokes ’ after work as acivil rightsactivist , working to help integrate Girard College , that initially made her a standout . She helped orchestrate buses to the 1963March on Washington , and served as a base board member of the National Organization for Women . She was likewise the Chair for the Fair Play for Cuba Committee , an organization that opposed the economic boycott of Cuba .
Zeitgeist FilmsMarion Stokes with her son , Michael .
Zeitgeist FilmsMarion Stokes with her son, Michael.
In 1960 , Stokes married a teacher named Melvin Metelits , with whom she had one son , Michael . The couple later separate , and Marion would go on to marry television receiver anchor John Stokes Jr. , whom she met while working as a panelist on a local news show calledInput .
The Stokeses later actuate into a new home plate in Rittenhouse Square . Around 1975 , Stokes buy herself a Betamax magnetic videotape recorder and start to nonchalantly record episode of her favourite sit - coms , documentaries , and news broadcasts .
But in 1979 , amid the Iran Hostage Crisis , something in Marion Stokes deepen .
Family handoutMarion Stokes had to buy several additional apartments in which to store her tapes.
As her boy Michael Metelits said in the 2019 documentaryRecorder : The Marion Stokes Project,“she murder record and she never break . ”
The Birth Of A Unique Obsession
Marion Stokes became obsessed with chronicle and archiving intelligence footage . She would buy countless tapes , load them into the recorder , and let the television run all twenty-four hour period long .
Every six to eight hours — depending on the length of the tape measure — she apace swapped it out for a new one . Sometimes , this intend speed home betimes from a meal to ensure she did n’t miss a second of a broadcast .
Gradually , she buy more and more TVs so she could document multiple programs at once until she was recording from eight different devices .
Zeitgeist FilmsMarion Stokes often watched two televisions at a time, while several others ran throughout her home.
“ It was just a logistic nightmare — that ’s really the only way to put it , ” Michael Metelits toldFast Companyin 2013 .
class handoutMarion Stokes had to grease one’s palms several additional flat in which to put in her tapes .
As one might expect , these tapes finally began to take up space — a circumstances of it . By investing in Apple stock , Stokes saved enough money to bribe as many as nine extra apartments , which she used as storage units to hold all of her tapes .
Family handoutIn total, Stokes collected more than 400,000 hours of footage.
“ Pretty much everything else take a back seat , ” Metelits said . “ It provide a certain rhythm to her life , and a sure amount of deep , mysterious sentence that this stuff was kick the bucket to be utile . That somehow , someone would find a way to index it , file away it , put in it — that it would be utile . ”
The archives eventually grew to approximately 71,000 VHS and Betamax tapes , stored in various location . These tapes contain not only news broadcasts but also sit - coms , commercials , and talk shows , record in prolonged Play format .
Zeitgeist FilmsMarion Stokes often watched two televisions at a fourth dimension , while several others ran throughout her nursing home .
Stokes occupy that facts and details from early news broadcasts could become lost or muddy up as stories were fictionalize over time . footling inconsistencies could get going to add up , leaving TV audience with no way of knowing how the account was earlier report .
“ Television has been our most permeative and persuasive medium , ” tell Roger MacDonald , the librarian in commission of the Internet Archive ’s goggle box portion . “ But we ’ve never really had much of a break and rewind push button on our experience of it to ruminate back on television news , to equate and contrast and mine it for noesis . ”
archive television programs was not Stokes ’ only enchantment . In fact , the tech - savvy hoarder also took an early stake in Apple electronic computer — and amassed 192 Macintosh information processing system before she pop off .
Still , it was her obsessive archiving of the day-by-day news that would be her ultimate legacy .
The Legacy And Lasting Impact Of Marion Stokes’ Work
Marion Stokes remain to show and archive television footage up until the ending . She lived to be 83 yr old . And as it would work out , her last day on Earth would co-occur with her last recording — and a ugly calamity .
Stokes died on Dec. 14 , 2012 . That very same day , news organizations across the United States were reporting on the batch shooting atSandy Hook Elementary School .
“ I got to the house and this outrageous news show was go on , ” Metelits say . “ kid being kill . Teachers being toss off while harbour tike , that sort of matter … I remember being very grateful that that was n’t the last news she ascertain . ”
Marion Stokes ’ project died with her that day . Her son did not continue her archival work , saying he “ come to respect her project , but it was n’t my project . ”
Family handoutIn total , Stokes pull in more than 400,000 hours of footage .
But while no new tape recording would ever be added to Stokes ’ ingathering , her project did witness young life in 2013 , just a year after her dying , when the Internet Archive began the unconscious process of digitizing Stokes ’ tape and putting them online .
Then , in 2019 , film maker Matt Wolf released his documentary about Marion Stokes , allowing audience to understand Stokes ’ compulsion with archiving telecasting . The film premier at the Tribeca Film Festival and was touch with positive reviews , with some critic noting that the film — and Stokes herself — made a compelling case for irregular archiving .
Marion Stokes ’ account also resonates strongly today , albeit somewhat differently , as private ownership of the mass medium we consume daily begins to languish . With more and more service shift to a streaming or digital model , only to then restrict entree to certain medium or get rid of it altogether , many are consider the merits of forcible media as a substance of preserving history .
As MacDonald toldFast Company , some moments in television account have probably been lose always .
“ But who sleep with , ” he said . “ Because there may be other Marion Stokeses out there who had that similar Passion of Christ . ”
After read about the massive television archive kept by Marion Stokes , see 45 sensational unpublished pic from theNational Geographicarchives . Or , meet Dorothy Height , the “ Godmother ” of the civil rightfulness movement .
